Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems for Skydiving

Parachute Components and Construction

Description of the main parachute's various components, including the canopy (its fabric, shape, and cell structure if applicable), lines (material, length, and attachment points), risers (connecting lines to harness), and deployment bag. Detailing the harness and container system and its role in safe deployment and control.

Deployment Sequence

The typical deployment sequence, starting with pilot chute release, followed by main parachute extraction from the deployment bag, inflation, and eventual full canopy opening. Explanation of potential malfunctions during this process and reserve parachute deployment.

Canopy Aerodynamics

Principles of lift and drag as they apply to parachute canopies. Explaining how the canopy shape generates drag, creating a substantial reduction in descent speed. Detailing the effect of canopy size and shape on descent rate and stability. Discussion of different canopy types (ram-air vs. round) and their aerodynamic properties.

Steering and Control Mechanisms

Explanation of how skydivers steer and control their parachutes. Description of control lines (brakes) and their effect on canopy shape and airflow. Discussion of carving turns, flare maneuvers, and other techniques used for accurate landing.

Descent Rate and Landing

Typical descent rates under a fully inflated parachute. Factors affecting descent rate, such as canopy size, weight of the skydiver, and wind conditions. Description of the flare maneuver used to reduce vertical speed immediately before landing, ensuring a softer impact.

Reserve Parachute Systems

Description of the reserve parachute as a critical safety device. Detailing its deployment mechanism, activation methods (automatic activation device (AAD) and manual deployment), and the differences in design and performance compared to the main parachute.