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International Adoption from the Russian Federation

Legal Framework and Governing Bodies

Intercountry adoption is governed by the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption, to which both the United States and the Russian Federation are signatories. The U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Consular Affairs and the Russian Ministry of Education are key agencies involved. Specific regulations and procedures are subject to change, requiring consultation with up-to-date official sources.

Eligibility Criteria and Requirements

For Prospective Parents:

  • Citizenship and residency requirements are established by both countries. US citizens must meet specific criteria defined by the US government.
  • Home studies are conducted to assess the suitability of prospective parents, covering aspects such as home environment, financial stability, and parenting capacity. These evaluations are performed by accredited agencies authorized by the appropriate authorities.
  • Background checks, including criminal history and child abuse registry screenings, are mandatory.
  • Specific age and marital status requirements may apply depending on the child's age and circumstances.

For Children:

Children available for adoption are those who have been legally declared available for intercountry adoption by Russian courts. This process typically involves establishing the child's parentage and determining whether there are any relatives capable of providing care. The age and health of the child may influence the adoption process.

Adoption Process Stages

  • Agency Selection and Accreditation: Choosing an accredited adoption agency experienced in facilitating adoptions from the Russian Federation.
  • Home Study and Dossier Preparation: Completing a comprehensive home study and assembling the required documentation (dossier) for submission to the Russian authorities.
  • Matching and Referral: Working with the adoption agency to identify a child and receive a referral from the Russian authorities.
  • Legal Proceedings in Russia: Navigating the Russian legal system, including court appearances and obtaining necessary legal approvals.
  • U.S. Immigration and Consular Processing: Securing the necessary visas and immigration documents for the child's travel to the United States.
  • Post-Adoption Services: Post-placement support and services are often available to assist families with the transition.

Challenges and Considerations

Intercountry adoption can be a complex and lengthy process. Challenges can include bureaucratic delays, high costs, changes in regulations, and emotional complexities.

Relevant Resources

Prospective adoptive parents should consult the websites of the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Consular Affairs and relevant adoption agencies for the most up-to-date information and guidance. Legal counsel specializing in international adoption is strongly recommended.